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从零搭建一个WebRTC,实现多房间多对多通话,并实现屏幕录制
前端
2023-09-04 17:08:15
前言
WebRTC 是一种实时通信 (RTC) 技术,它允许浏览器之间直接通信,无需任何插件或第三方应用程序。这使得 WebRTC 成为构建实时视频聊天、在线游戏和其他需要低延迟通信的应用程序的理想选择。
搭建 WebRTC 应用
搭建一个 WebRTC 应用需要两部分:信令和媒体。
信令是用于在浏览器之间建立连接和交换数据的过程。信令服务器可以是任何能够处理 WebSocket 请求的服务器。在本文中,我们将使用 Fastify 来搭建信令服务器。
媒体是用于传输音频和视频数据的过程。媒体服务器可以是任何能够处理媒体流的服务器。在本文中,我们将使用 Kurento Media Server 来搭建媒体服务器。
信令服务器
Fastify 是一个非常流行的 Node.js Web 框架。它轻量级、快速且易于使用。以下是使用 Fastify 搭建信令服务器的步骤:
- 安装 Fastify:
npm install fastify
- 创建一个新的 Fastify 应用:
const fastify = require('fastify')();
- 定义信令服务器的路由:
fastify.get('/join', async (request, reply) => {
// 处理加入房间的请求
});
fastify.get('/leave', async (request, reply) => {
// 处理离开房间的请求
});
fastify.get('/offer', async (request, reply) => {
// 处理发送 offer 的请求
});
fastify.get('/answer', async (request, reply) => {
// 处理发送 answer 的请求
});
fastify.get('/candidate', async (request, reply) => {
// 处理发送候选者的请求
});
- 启动信令服务器:
fastify.listen(3000, (err, address) => {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
process.exit(1);
}
console.log(`Server listening on ${address}`);
});
媒体服务器
Kurento Media Server 是一个开源的媒体服务器,它可以处理各种媒体流,包括音频、视频和数据。以下是使用 Kurento Media Server 搭建媒体服务器的步骤:
- 下载 Kurento Media Server:
https://www.kurento.org/download/
- 安装 Kurento Media Server:
sudo dpkg -i kurento-media-server*.deb
- 启动 Kurento Media Server:
sudo service kurento-media-server start
- 配置 Kurento Media Server:
sudo nano /etc/kurento/kurento.conf.json
将以下内容添加到配置文件中:
{
"modules": [
{
"name": "WebRtcEndpoint",
"endpointTypes": [
"WebRtcEndpoint"
]
}
]
}
- 重启 Kurento Media Server:
sudo service kurento-media-server restart
前端部分
Vue.js 是一个非常流行的 JavaScript 框架。它轻量级、快速且易于使用。以下是使用 Vue.js 实现前端部分的步骤:
- 安装 Vue.js:
npm install vue
- 创建一个新的 Vue.js 应用:
vue create my-webrtc-app
- 在
src/main.js
文件中,添加以下代码:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')
- 在
src/App.vue
文件中,添加以下代码:
<template>
<div id="app">
<video id="localVideo"></video>
<video id="remoteVideo"></video>
<button @click="joinRoom">Join Room</button>
<button @click="leaveRoom">Leave Room</button>
<button @click="makeOffer">Make Offer</button>
<button @click="makeAnswer">Make Answer</button>
<button @click="addCandidate">Add Candidate</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
localStream: null,
remoteStream: null,
pc: null,
room: null,
socket: null,
}
},
methods: {
joinRoom() {
this.socket = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:3000');
this.socket.onopen = () => {
console.log('Connected to the signaling server');
this.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
type: 'join',
room: 'room1',
}));
};
this.socket.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
switch (data.type) {
case 'offer':
this.pc.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(data.offer));
this.pc.createAnswer()
.then(answer => this.pc.setLocalDescription(answer))
.then(() => {
this.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
type: 'answer',
answer: this.pc.localDescription,
}));
});
break;
case 'answer':
this.pc.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(data.answer));
break;
case 'candidate':
this.pc.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(data.candidate));
break;
}
};
this.socket.onclose = () => {
console.log('Disconnected from the signaling server');
};
this.pc = new RTCPeerConnection({
iceServers: [
{
urls: 'stun:stun.l.google.com:19302',
},
],
});
this.pc.onicecandidate = (event) => {
if (event.candidate) {
this.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
type: 'candidate',
candidate: event.candidate,
}));
}
};
this.pc.ontrack = (event) => {
this.remoteStream = event.streams[0];
this.$refs.remoteVideo.srcObject = this.remoteStream;
};
navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
audio: true,
video: true,
}).then(stream => {
this.localStream = stream;
this.$refs.localVideo.srcObject = this.localStream;
this.pc.addStream(this.localStream);
});
},
leaveRoom() {
this.socket.close();
this.pc.close();
this.localStream.getTracks().forEach(track => track.stop());
this.remoteStream.getTracks().forEach(track => track.stop());
this.localStream = null;
this.remoteStream = null;
this.pc = null;
this.room = null;
this.socket = null;
},
makeOffer() {
this.pc.createOffer()
.then(offer => this.pc.setLocalDescription(offer))
.then(() => {
this.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
type: 'offer',
offer: this.pc.localDescription,
}));
});
},
makeAnswer() {
this.pc.createAnswer()
.then(answer => this.pc.setLocalDescription(answer))
.then(() => {
this.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
type: 'answer',
answer: this.pc.localDescription,
}));
});
},
addCandidate() {
this.pc.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate({
candidate: 'candidate:1 1 udp 2122260223 192.168.1.101 54413 typ host generation 0 ufrag VGkF network-id 1 network-cost 10'
}));
},
},
}