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掌握Promise函数自定义封装技巧,精通异步编程!
前端
2023-10-22 01:24:32
前言
在现代前端开发中,异步编程已成为不可或缺的一部分,而Promise函数则是异步编程中的利器。Promise函数可以帮助我们轻松处理异步操作,让代码更加简洁、可读性更强。然而,原生Promise函数的功能有限,因此,我们常常需要对Promise函数进行自定义封装,以满足更复杂的异步编程需求。
Promise函数简介
Promise函数是一个 JavaScript 内置对象,它代表了一个异步操作的最终完成或失败的结果。我们可以通过Promise函数来处理异步操作,而无需使用回调函数。Promise函数提供了三个状态:
- Pending:等待执行
- Fulfilled:执行成功
- Rejected:执行失败
自定义封装Promise函数
原生Promise函数的功能有限,因此,我们常常需要对Promise函数进行自定义封装,以满足更复杂的异步编程需求。自定义封装Promise函数的步骤如下:
- 定义一个Promise构造函数
- 在构造函数中添加resolve和reject方法
- 在构造函数中添加then方法
- 在构造函数中添加catch方法
- 在构造函数中添加finally方法
自定义封装Promise函数示例
function Promise(executor) {
this.state = "pending";
this.value = null;
this.reason = null;
this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [];
this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
const resolve = (value) => {
if (this.state === "pending") {
this.state = "fulfilled";
this.value = value;
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach((callback) => {
callback(this.value);
});
}
};
const reject = (reason) => {
if (this.state === "pending") {
this.state = "rejected";
this.reason = reason;
this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach((callback) => {
callback(this.reason);
});
}
};
executor(resolve, reject);
}
Promise.prototype.then = function (onFulfilled, onRejected) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (this.state === "fulfilled") {
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const value = onFulfilled(this.value);
resolve(value);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
}, 0);
} else if (this.state === "rejected") {
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const reason = onRejected(this.reason);
resolve(reason);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
}, 0);
} else {
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() => {
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const value = onFulfilled(this.value);
resolve(value);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
}, 0);
});
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const reason = onRejected(this.reason);
resolve(reason);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
}, 0);
});
}
});
};
Promise.prototype.catch = function (onRejected) {
return this.then(null, onRejected);
};
Promise.prototype.finally = function (onFinally) {
return this.then(
(value) => {
onFinally();
return value;
},
(reason) => {
onFinally();
throw reason;
}
);
};
结语
通过对Promise函数的自定义封装,我们可以轻松处理更复杂的异步编程需求,让代码更加简洁、可读性更强。掌握Promise函数自定义封装技巧,将帮助您成为异步编程高手!