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iOS 音视频开发指南:编解码与回调方法详解

IOS





## 前言

在iOS应用开发中,音视频功能至关重要。从视频通话、在线直播到影音播放,都离不开音视频技术。本文将重点介绍iOS音视频开发中的编解码原理,以及VideoToolboxAudioToolbox框架中编码与解码的回调方法。通过理论与实践相结合,帮助你全面掌握iOS音视频开发。

## VideoToolbox编码部分

### 初始化数据

```objective-c
// 初始化编码器
VTCompressionSessionRef encoder;
VTCompressionSessionCreate(NULL, width, height, kCMVideoCodecType_H264, NULL, NULL, NULL, &encoder);

// 设置编码参数
VTSessionSetProperty(encoder, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AverageBitRate, (__bridge CFNumberRef)@500000);
VTSessionSetProperty(encoder, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxKeyFrameInterval, (__bridge CFNumberRef)@30);

输入编码回调方法

// 输入编码回调函数
static void encodeCallback(void * CM_NULLABLE refCon,
                        VTCompressionSessionRef CM_NULLABLE session,
                        CMSampleBufferRef CM_NULLABLE sampleBuffer) {
    // 从sampleBuffer中获取图像数据
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
    
    // 将图像数据编码成H264数据
    CMSampleBufferRef encodedData;
    VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame(session, imageBuffer, NULL, NULL, NULL, &encodedData);
    
    // 将编码后的数据保存到文件中
    // ...
}

VideoToolbox解码部分

初始化

// 初始化解码器
VTDecompressionSessionRef decoder;
VTDecompressionSessionCreate(NULL, kCMVideoCodecType_H264, NULL, NULL, NULL, &decoder);

H264数据输入解码回调方法

// 输入解码回调函数
static void decodeCallback(void * CM_NULLABLE refCon,
                        VTDecompressionSessionRef CM_NULLABLE session,
                        CMSampleBufferRef CM_NULLABLE sampleBuffer) {
    // 从sampleBuffer中获取H264数据
    CMBlockBufferRef blockBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetDataBuffer(sampleBuffer);
    size_t length = CMBlockBufferGetDataLength(blockBuffer);
    uint8_t *data = CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(blockBuffer);
    
    // 将H264数据解码成图像数据
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer;
    VTDecompressionSessionDecodeFrame(session, data, length, NULL, NULL, &imageBuffer);
    
    // 将解码后的图像数据显示在屏幕上
    // ...
}

AudioToolbox编码部分

初始化

// 初始化编码器
AudioConverterRef converter;
AudioConverterNewSpecific(&kAudioFormatLinearPCM, sampleRate, channels, kAudioFormatMPEG4AAC, &kAudioFormatMPEG4AAC, sizeof(kAudioFormatMPEG4AAC), &converter);

编码函数

// 编码函数
OSStatus encodeAudio(AudioBufferList *bufferList, UInt32 inNumberFrames, AudioBufferList *outBufferList) {
    // 编码音频数据
    OSStatus status = AudioConverterFillComplexBuffer(converter, encodeCallback, bufferList, &inNumberFrames, outBufferList, NULL);
    
    // 将编码后的数据保存到文件中
    // ...
    
    return status;
}

编码回调

// 编码回调函数
static OSStatus encodeCallback(AudioConverterRef inConverter, UInt32 *ioNumberDataPackets, AudioBufferList *ioData, AudioStreamPacketDescription **outDataPacketDescription, void *inUserData) {
    // 获取编码后的数据
    AudioBufferList *bufferList = (AudioBufferList *)inUserData;
    bufferList->mBuffers[0].mData = ioData->mBuffers[0].mData;
    bufferList->mBuffers[0].mDataByteSize = ioData->mBuffers[0].mDataByteSize;
    
    return noErr;
}

AudioToolbox解码部分

初始化

// 初始化解码器
AudioConverterRef converter;
AudioConverterNewSpecific(&kAudioFormatMPEG4AAC, sampleRate, channels, kAudioFormatLinearPCM, &kAudioFormatLinearPCM, sizeof(kAudioFormatLinearPCM), &converter);

解码函数

// 解码函数
OSStatus decodeAudio(AudioBufferList *bufferList, UInt32 inNumberFrames, AudioBufferList *outBufferList) {
    // 解码音频数据
    OSStatus status = AudioConverterFillComplexBuffer(converter, decodeCallback, bufferList, &inNumberFrames, outBufferList, NULL);
    
    // 将解码后的数据保存到文件中
    // ...
    
    return status;
}

解码回调

// 解码回调函数
static OSStatus decodeCallback(AudioConverterRef inConverter, UInt32 *ioNumberDataPackets, AudioBufferList *ioData, AudioStreamPacketDescription **outDataPacketDescription, void *inUserData) {
    // 获取解码后的数据
    AudioBufferList *bufferList = (AudioBufferList *)inUserData;
    bufferList->mBuffers[0].mData = ioData->mBuffers[0].mData;
    bufferList->mBuffers[0].mDataByteSize = ioData->mBuffers[0].mDataByteSize;
    
    return noErr;
}

完整代码

// 完整代码请参考:https://github.com/YourGitHubUsername/iOS-AudioVideo-Tutorial

总结

本文详细讲解了iOS音视频开发中的编解码原理,以及VideoToolbox和AudioToolbox框架中编码与解码的回调方法。通过理论与实践相结合,希望能够帮助你快速掌握iOS音视频开发,构建出更加丰富的音视频应用。