数据结构通俗解：二叉树链式结构初探（篇一）

2023-10-09 15:24:35

好的，以下是根据输入要求生成的博客文章。

在计算机科学中，数据结构是组织和存储数据的一种方式，而二叉树是一种常用的非线性数据结构。二叉树链式结构则是实现二叉树的一种常见方式。在这篇文章中，我们将详细探讨二叉树链式结构，包括其定义、实现、特性和应用场景，希望能够帮助您更深入地理解这一重要数据结构。

一、二叉树链式结构的定义

二叉树链式结构是一种使用链式结构实现二叉树的数据结构。在二叉树链式结构中，每个节点由两个指针组成，分别指向其左子节点和右子节点，并且每个节点都存储一个数据元素。通过这种方式，二叉树链式结构可以存储任意数量的数据元素，并且可以方便地进行查找、插入和删除操作。

二、二叉树链式结构的实现

我们可以使用 C++ 或 Java 等语言来实现二叉树链式结构。以下是使用 C++ 实现的二叉树链式结构的代码示例：

class BinaryTreeNode {
public:
    int data;
    BinaryTreeNode *left;
    BinaryTreeNode *right;
    
    BinaryTreeNode(int data) {
        this->data = data;
        this->left = NULL;
        this->right = NULL;
    }
};

class BinaryTree {
public:
    BinaryTreeNode *root;
    
    BinaryTree() {
        this->root = NULL;
    }
    
    void insert(int data) {
        BinaryTreeNode *new_node = new BinaryTreeNode(data);
        if (this->root == NULL) {
            this->root = new_node;
            return;
        }
        BinaryTreeNode *current = this->root;
        while (true) {
            if (data < current->data) {
                if (current->left == NULL) {
                    current->left = new_node;
                    break;
                }
                current = current->left;
            } else {
                if (current->right == NULL) {
                    current->right = new_node;
                    break;
                }
                current = current->right;
            }
        }
    }

    void search(int data) {
        BinaryTreeNode *current = this->root;
        while (current != NULL) {
            if (data == current->data) {
                return current;
            } else if (data < current->data) {
                current = current->left;
            } else {
                current = current->right;
            }
        }
        return NULL;
    }

    void delete(int data) {
        BinaryTreeNode *current = this->root;
        BinaryTreeNode *parent = NULL;
        while (current != NULL) {
            if (data == current->data) {
                break;
            } else if (data < current->data) {
                parent = current;
                current = current->left;
            } else {
                parent = current;
                current = current->right;
            }
        }
        if (current == NULL) {
            return;
        }
        if (current->left == NULL && current->right == NULL) {
            if (parent == NULL) {
                this->root = NULL;
            } else if (parent->left == current) {
                parent->left = NULL;
            } else {
                parent->right = NULL;
            }
            delete current;
            return;
        }
        if (current->left == NULL) {
            if (parent == NULL) {
                this->root = current->right;
            } else if (parent->left == current) {
                parent->left = current->right;
            } else {
                parent->right = current->right;
            }
            delete current;
            return;
        }
        if (current->right == NULL) {
            if (parent == NULL) {
                this->root = current->left;
            } else if (parent->left == current) {
                parent->left = current->left;
            } else {
                parent->right = current->left;
            }
            delete current;
            return;
        }
        BinaryTreeNode *successor = current->right;
        BinaryTreeNode *successor_parent = current;
        while (successor->left != NULL) {
            successor_parent = successor;
            successor = successor->left;
        }
        current->data = successor->data;
        if (successor_parent->left == successor) {
            successor_parent->left = successor->right;
        } else {
            successor_parent->right = successor->right;
        }
        delete successor;
    }
};