在 .NET 中高效检测 Windows 操作系统版本：5 种实用方法

windows

2024-03-28 18:25:39

在 .NET 中检测 Windows 版本：全面指南

概述

在 .NET 应用程序开发中，检测用户的 Windows 操作系统版本至关重要，因为它影响着应用程序的兼容性和可用功能。本文将深入探讨在 .NET 中检测 Windows 版本的有效方法。

方法

1. 操作系统版本属性

使用 Environment.OSVersion.VersionString 属性获取操作系统版本号，例如 "Microsoft Windows 10.0.19041.1415"。

2. Environment.OSVersion 类

Environment.OSVersion.Version 提供更详细的信息，包括主版本号、次版本号、内部版本号和修订号。

3. PlatformID 和 Version 属性

Environment.OSVersion.Platform 指示操作系统平台（例如 Windows、Mac 或 Unix），而 Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major 返回主要版本号。

4. Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)

WMI 提供详细的操作系统信息，例如：

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
string osVersion = os["Version"].ToString();
string osBuildNumber = os["BuildNumber"].ToString();

5. Win32 API 函数

GetVersionEx() 函数返回一个 OSVERSIONINFOEX 结构，其中包含操作系统版本信息：

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern bool GetVersionEx(ref OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi);

示例代码

以下代码片段演示了如何使用不同的方法检测 Windows 版本：

string osVersion = Environment.OSVersion.VersionString;
Version osVersion2 = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
PlatformID platformID = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;
int version = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major;

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
foreach (ManagementObject os in searcher.Get())
{
    string osVersion3 = os["Version"].ToString();
    string osBuildNumber = os["BuildNumber"].ToString();
}

OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi = new OSVERSIONINFOEX();
osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX));
if (GetVersionEx(ref osvi))
{
    Console.WriteLine(string osVersion = Environment.OSVersion.VersionString;
Version osVersion2 = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
PlatformID platformID = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;
int version = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major;

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
foreach (ManagementObject os in searcher.Get())
{
    string osVersion3 = os["Version"].ToString();
    string osBuildNumber = os["BuildNumber"].ToString();
}

OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi = new OSVERSIONINFOEX();
osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX));
if (GetVersionEx(ref osvi))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Major Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMajorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Minor Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMinorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Build Number (Win32 API): {osvi.dwBuildNumber}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Platform ID (Win32 API): {osvi.dwPlatformId}");
    Console.WriteLine($"CSD Version (Win32 API): {osvi.szCSDVersion}");
}
quot;Major Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMajorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine(string osVersion = Environment.OSVersion.VersionString;
Version osVersion2 = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
PlatformID platformID = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;
int version = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major;

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
foreach (ManagementObject os in searcher.Get())
{
    string osVersion3 = os["Version"].ToString();
    string osBuildNumber = os["BuildNumber"].ToString();
}

OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi = new OSVERSIONINFOEX();
osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX));
if (GetVersionEx(ref osvi))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Major Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMajorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Minor Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMinorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Build Number (Win32 API): {osvi.dwBuildNumber}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Platform ID (Win32 API): {osvi.dwPlatformId}");
    Console.WriteLine($"CSD Version (Win32 API): {osvi.szCSDVersion}");
}
quot;Minor Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMinorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine(string osVersion = Environment.OSVersion.VersionString;
Version osVersion2 = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
PlatformID platformID = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;
int version = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major;

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
foreach (ManagementObject os in searcher.Get())
{
    string osVersion3 = os["Version"].ToString();
    string osBuildNumber = os["BuildNumber"].ToString();
}

OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi = new OSVERSIONINFOEX();
osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX));
if (GetVersionEx(ref osvi))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Major Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMajorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Minor Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMinorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Build Number (Win32 API): {osvi.dwBuildNumber}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Platform ID (Win32 API): {osvi.dwPlatformId}");
    Console.WriteLine($"CSD Version (Win32 API): {osvi.szCSDVersion}");
}
quot;Build Number (Win32 API): {osvi.dwBuildNumber}");
    Console.WriteLine(string osVersion = Environment.OSVersion.VersionString;
Version osVersion2 = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
PlatformID platformID = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;
int version = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major;

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
foreach (ManagementObject os in searcher.Get())
{
    string osVersion3 = os["Version"].ToString();
    string osBuildNumber = os["BuildNumber"].ToString();
}

OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi = new OSVERSIONINFOEX();
osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX));
if (GetVersionEx(ref osvi))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Major Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMajorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Minor Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMinorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Build Number (Win32 API): {osvi.dwBuildNumber}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Platform ID (Win32 API): {osvi.dwPlatformId}");
    Console.WriteLine($"CSD Version (Win32 API): {osvi.szCSDVersion}");
}
quot;Platform ID (Win32 API): {osvi.dwPlatformId}");
    Console.WriteLine(string osVersion = Environment.OSVersion.VersionString;
Version osVersion2 = Environment.OSVersion.Version;
PlatformID platformID = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;
int version = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major;

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
foreach (ManagementObject os in searcher.Get())
{
    string osVersion3 = os["Version"].ToString();
    string osBuildNumber = os["BuildNumber"].ToString();
}

OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi = new OSVERSIONINFOEX();
osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX));
if (GetVersionEx(ref osvi))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Major Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMajorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Minor Version (Win32 API): {osvi.dwMinorVersion}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Build Number (Win32 API): {osvi.dwBuildNumber}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Platform ID (Win32 API): {osvi.dwPlatformId}");
    Console.WriteLine($"CSD Version (Win32 API): {osvi.szCSDVersion}");
}
quot;CSD Version (Win32 API): {osvi.szCSDVersion}");
}

结论

通过利用上述方法，开发人员可以轻松地在 .NET 应用程序中检测 Windows 操作系统版本。这对于根据用户操作系统定制应用程序的功能和用户体验至关重要。

常见问题解答

哪种方法最准确？
根据不同的需求，每种方法都可能是有用的。 Environment.OSVersion.VersionString 适用于大多数情况，而 WMI 或 Win32 API 函数可用于获取更详细的信息。
检测版本有什么好处？
检测版本允许应用程序针对特定操作系统版本进行优化，提供更好的兼容性、性能和用户体验。
我如何检测 Windows 10 中的功能更新版本？
可以使用 WMI 查询 "Win32_OperatingSystem" 类中的 CurrentVersion 属性。
检测版本有什么局限性？
检测版本可能无法完全准确，因为操作系统版本号可能会通过更新或补丁程序进行修改。
是否有其他方法检测版本？
可以使用 .NET 框架中的 OperatingSystem 类，或通过注册表或 PowerShell 脚本获取信息。

Kyle

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在 .NET 中高效检测 Windows 操作系统版本：5 种实用方法

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