给予额外糖果让一个孩子拥有最多糖果的方案

2024-02-04 16:54:29

力扣 1431：拥有最多糖果的孩子

力扣 1431 是一个有趣的算法问题，要求你找到一种方案，将额外的糖果分配给孩子们，使得某个孩子拥有最多的糖果。问题背景很简单，你有一个数组 candies，其中 candies[i] 代表第 i 个孩子拥有的糖果数目。你还有一个整数 extraCandies，代表你可以额外分配的糖果数目。你的目标是找到一种方案，使得在分配完额外的糖果后，某个孩子拥有最多的糖果。

解题步骤

为了解决这个问题，你可以按照以下步骤进行：

首先，计算所有孩子拥有的糖果总数，包括额外的糖果。
然后，计算每个孩子在分配完额外的糖果后的糖果总数。
最后，找出拥有最多糖果的孩子，并返回他的索引。

两种可行的解题方案

贪心算法

贪心算法是一种简单而有效的解决方法。它的基本思想是，在每次分配糖果时，都将糖果分配给拥有最少糖果的孩子。这样可以确保在分配完所有糖果后，拥有最少糖果的孩子也将拥有最多的糖果。

def kids_with_candies(candies, extraCandies):
  """
  Returns the indices of the children who have the most candies after distributing extra candies.

  Args:
    candies: A list of integers representing the number of candies each child has.
    extraCandies: An integer representing the number of extra candies that can be distributed.

  Returns:
    A list of integers representing the indices of the children who have the most candies after distributing extra candies.
  """

  # Calculate the total number of candies, including the extra candies.
  total_candies = sum(candies) + extraCandies

  # Initialize a list to store the indices of the children with the most candies.
  max_candies = []

  # Iterate over the children.
  for i in range(len(candies)):
    # Calculate the number of candies the child will have after distributing the extra candies.
    child_candies = candies[i] + extraCandies

    # If the child has the most candies, add their index to the list.
    if child_candies >= total_candies:
      max_candies.append(i)

  # Return the list of indices.
  return max_candies

排序算法

排序算法也是一种可行的解题方案。它的基本思想是，先将所有孩子拥有的糖果数目排序，然后从最大的糖果数目开始分配额外的糖果。这样可以确保在分配完所有糖果后，拥有最多糖果的孩子也将拥有最多的糖果。

def kids_with_candies(candies, extraCandies):
  """
  Returns the indices of the children who have the most candies after distributing extra candies.

  Args:
    candies: A list of integers representing the number of candies each child has.
    extraCandies: An integer representing the number of extra candies that can be distributed.

  Returns:
    A list of integers representing the indices of the children who have the most candies after distributing extra candies.
  """

  # Sort the candies in descending order.
  candies.sort(reverse=True)

  # Initialize a list to store the indices of the children with the most candies.
  max_candies = []

  # Iterate over the children.
  for i in range(len(candies)):
    # Calculate the number of candies the child will have after distributing the extra candies.
    child_candies = candies[i] + extraCandies

    # If the child has the most candies, add their index to the list.
    if child_candies >= candies[0]:
      max_candies.append(i)

  # Return the list of indices.
  return max_candies