轻松搞定多数据源管理，拥抱ShardingSphere5.x！

2023-09-19 22:06:56

使用ShardingSphere轻松实现多数据源管理

一、什么是ShardingSphere？

在数据爆炸式增长的时代，单一数据库早已无法满足企业不断增长的数据存储和处理需求。因此，分库分表技术应运而生。ShardingSphere正是这样一款开源分布式数据库中间件，它通过将数据分散到多个数据库或表中，有效解决了单库容量不足的问题，提高了系统的并发处理能力。

二、ShardingSphere 5.x的新特性

ShardingSphere 5.x版本带来了诸多新特性，其中最引人注目的就是对Springboot和Dynamic-Datasource的支持。

Springboot集成 ：通过引入shardingsphere-spring-boot-starter依赖，您可以轻松将ShardingSphere整合到Springboot项目中，享受便捷高效的数据源管理。
Dynamic-Datasource集成 ：通过引入dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter依赖，您可以结合ShardingSphere使用Dynamic-Datasource，实现多数据源动态切换，进一步提升系统的灵活性。

三、在Springboot中整合ShardingSphere

1. 依赖引入

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
  <artifactId>shardingsphere-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
  <version>5.1.1</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置数据源

spring:
  shardingsphere:
    datasource:
      ds0:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
        jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0
        username: root
        password: 123456
      ds1:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
        jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
        username: root
        password: 123456

3. 配置分库分表规则

spring:
  shardingsphere:
    rules:
      - !sharding.standard
        data-source-names: ds0, ds1
        table-rules:
          - logic-table: order
            actual-data-nodes: ds0.order_${0..1}, ds1.order_${0..1}
            partitioning:
              column: order_id
              algorithm-expression: order_id % 2

4. 使用ShardingSphere

@Autowired
private ShardingSphereDataSource shardingSphereDataSource;

public void insertOrder(Order order) {
  shardingSphereDataSource.getConnection().prepareStatement("INSERT INTO order (order_id, user_id, order_amount) VALUES (?, ?, ?)").
      setString(1, order.getOrderId()).
      setInt(2, order.getUserId()).
      setBigDecimal(3, order.getOrderAmount()).
      executeUpdate();
}

四、在Dynamic-Datasource中整合ShardingSphere

1. 依赖引入

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
  <version>2.6.1</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置Dynamic-Datasource

spring:
  dynamic:
    datasource:
      primary: ds0
      datasource:
        ds0:
          url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0
          username: root
          password: 123456
        ds1:
          url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
          username: root
          password: 123456

3. 配置ShardingSphere

spring:
  shardingsphere:
    datasource:
      names: ds0, ds1
    rules:
      - !sharding.standard
        data-source-names: ds0, ds1
        table-rules:
          - logic-table: order
            actual-data-nodes: ds0.order_${0..1}, ds1.order_${0..1}
            partitioning:
              column: order_id
              algorithm-expression: order_id % 2

4. 使用ShardingSphere

@Autowired
private ShardingSphereDataSource shardingSphereDataSource;

public void insertOrder(Order order) {
  shardingSphereDataSource.getConnection().prepareStatement("INSERT INTO order (order_id, user_id, order_amount) VALUES (?, ?, ?)").
      setString(1, order.getOrderId()).
      setInt(2, order.getUserId()).
      setBigDecimal(3, order.getOrderAmount()).
      executeUpdate();
}