轻松掌握Spring Boot集成Druid多数据源策略

2023-01-26 14:49:25

动态数据源：在Spring Boot项目中灵活管理多数据

在现代化的应用程序开发中，管理多个数据源已成为一种常见需求。无论是为了处理来自不同来源的数据，还是为了实现应用程序的模块化和可扩展性，动态数据源提供了强大的解决方案。本文将深入探讨Spring Boot中实现动态数据源的两种主要方法，帮助你根据自己的具体需求做出明智的选择。

集成com.baomidou：便捷的动态数据源方案

1. 引入Maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
    <artifactId>dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置数据源

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean
    public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("password");
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource secondaryDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("password");
        return dataSource;
    }

}

3. 配置数据源切换

@Configuration
@EnableDynamicDataSource
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {

    @Value("${spring.datasource.default-target-datasource}")
    private String defaultTargetDataSource;

    @Bean
    public DynamicRoutingDataSource dataSource() {
        DynamicRoutingDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicRoutingDataSource();
        Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataSourceMap.put("primary", primaryDataSource());
        dataSourceMap.put("secondary", secondaryDataSource());
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap);
        dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(defaultTargetDataSource);
        return dynamicDataSource;
    }

}

原生方式：手动实现数据源切换

1. 引入Maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置数据源

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean
    public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("password");
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource secondaryDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("password");
        return dataSource;
    }

}

3. 配置数据源切换AOP

@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAop {

    @Autowired
    private DataSource primaryDataSource;

    @Autowired
    private DataSource secondaryDataSource;

    @Pointcut("execution(* com.example.service.*.*(..))")
    public void pointcut() { }

    @Before("pointcut()")
    public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
        if (methodName.startsWith("get") || methodName.startsWith("find")) {
            DataSourceContextHolder.setDataSource("secondary");
        } else {
            DataSourceContextHolder.setDataSource("primary");
        }
    }

    @After("pointcut()")
    public void after() {
        DataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSource();
    }

}

4. 使用数据源切换

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    public List<User> getAllUsers() {
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }

    public User getUserById(Long id) {
        return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
    }

    public void saveUser(User user) {
        userRepository.save(user);
    }

}