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Go+Solidity+Web搭建一个简单水龙头项目指南

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前言

水龙头项目是区块链开发中的一个常见项目,它允许用户从项目中获得少量代币,以便他们可以开始使用该项目。在本指南中,我们将创建一个简单的 Go+Solidity+Web 水龙头项目,并逐步介绍如何进行配置和使用。

必备条件

在开始之前,请确保您已安装以下软件和工具:

  • Go 1.16 或更高版本
  • Node.js 12 或更高版本
  • npm 6 或更高版本
  • Truffle 5.0 或更高版本
  • Metamask 浏览器扩展程序

项目结构

我们的项目结构如下:

├── contracts
│   ├── Faucet.sol
│   └── Migrations.sol
├── go
│   ├── main.go
│   └── router.go
├── node_modules
├── package-lock.json
├── package.json
├── README.md
└── truffle-config.js

智能合约

智能合约是水龙头项目的核心,它定义了水龙头的工作方式。在我们的例子中,智能合约将负责向用户分配代币。

Faucet.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract Faucet {
    address public owner;

    constructor() public {
        owner = msg.sender;
    }

    function withdraw(uint amount) public {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "Only the owner can withdraw funds.");
        msg.sender.transfer(amount);
    }
}

这个智能合约很简单,它只有一个函数 withdraw,允许所有者从合约中提取资金。

Migrations.sol

pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

contract Migrations {
    address public owner;
    uint public last_completed_migration;

    constructor() public {
        owner = msg.sender;
    }

    function setCompleted(uint completed) public {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "Only the owner can set the completed migration.");
        last_completed_migration = completed;
    }
}

这个智能合约用于管理智能合约的迁移,它跟踪最后一次完成的迁移。

Go 代码

Go 代码用于与智能合约交互并提供 Web 接口。

main.go

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(200, gin.H{
            "message": "Welcome to the faucet!",
        })
    })

    router.POST("/withdraw", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // Parse the request body.
        var requestBody struct {
            Amount string `json:"amount"`
        }
        if err := c.BindJSON(&requestBody); err != nil {
            c.JSON(400, gin.H{
                "error": "Invalid request body.",
            })
            return
        }

        // Convert the amount to a number.
        amount, err := strconv.ParseFloat(requestBody.Amount, 64)
        if err != nil {
            c.JSON(400, gin.H{
                "error": "Invalid amount.",
            })
            return
        }

        // Withdraw the funds from the smart contract.
        err = withdraw(amount)
        if err != nil {
            c.JSON(500, gin.H{
                "error": "Error withdrawing funds.",
            })
            return
        }

        c.JSON(200, gin.H{
            "message": "Funds withdrawn successfully.",
        })
    })

    // Start the server.
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}

这个文件定义了 Gin 路由器和 HTTP 处理程序。

router.go

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
)

// Withdraw withdraws funds from the smart contract.
func withdraw(amount float64) error {
    // Connect to the blockchain.
    client, err := ethclient.Dial("http://localhost:8545")
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to the blockchain: %v", err)
    }

    // Load the smart contract.
    contractAddress := common.HexToAddress("0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890")
    contract, err := NewFaucet(contractAddress, client)
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("failed to load the smart contract: %v", err)
    }

    // Get the private key of the owner.
    privateKey, err := crypto.HexToECDSA("0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234")
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("failed to get the private key: %v", err)
    }

    // Create a transaction options object.
    opts := bind.NewKeyedTransactor(privateKey)

    // Withdraw the funds.
    tx, err := contract.Withdraw(opts, big.NewInt(int64(amount)))
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("failed to withdraw the funds: %v", err)
    }

    // Wait for the transaction to be mined.
    _, err = client.WaitMined(ctx, tx)
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for the transaction to be mined: %v", err)
    }

    return nil
}

这个文件定义了 withdraw 函数,用于从智能合约中提取资金。

部署智能合约

要部署智能合约,请执行以下命令:

truffle migrate

运行应用程序

要运行应用程序,请执行以下命令:

go run main.go

测试应用程序

要测试应用程序,请执行以下命令:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"amount": "1"}' http://localhost:8080/withdraw

如果您看到以下响应,则表示应用程序已成功运行:

{"message": "Funds withdrawn successfully."}

总结

在本指南中,我们介绍了如何使用 Go、Solidity 和 Web 技术创建一个简单的水龙头项目。我们逐步介绍了智能合约、Go 代码和应用程序的部署和运行。您现在可以根据自己的需要修改和扩展此项目。